Translation Competency


            Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language.

Oblique Translation Techniques include:
1) Substitution
2) Transposition
3) Modulation

Dr.Franz Eppert, who served as acting departmental chairperson of German and Russian and culture and language, he was one of a few internationally scholar in grammatical studies and was instrumental in formation of the Graduate Academic Unit in German, (cited in Laochan 2006:1) refers that translator’s techniques are divided into three groups: Substitution, Transposition and Modulation as the following;

          1) Substitution: The translator’s competency which also used when the source language is similar to the target language or if they are short messages or sentences.

He goes to bed late.
เขาเข้านอนดึก

I think of my mother.
ฉันคิดถึงแม่ของฉัน

It is easy for translation in short massages or short sentences such as:

I hate that cunning woman.
ผมเกลียดผู้หญิงเจ้าเล่ห์คนนั้น

When I was a sophomore, John David was teaching here.
เมื่อฉันเป็นนักศึกษาปีที่สอง  จอห์น เดวิค สอนอยู่ที่นี่

            According to the above examples, it means the translators can replace all of words in target text, without considering about “Tense”, and gave the same meanings and ideas as the source text (SL) mainly under the criteria of making food grammatical and lexical adjustment. It also transfers the closet meaning as the source text.

          2) Transposition: The translator’s competency is alternateness the message, phrases or sentence in the source to make the clear and natural meaning in target text. When there is some word which cannot use substitution method to translate.

            But I was unhappy much of the times too.
แต่ส่วนใหญ่แล้วผมไม่มีความสุข

In this sentence, ‘much of the time’, the translator moves the word ‘much of the time’ to being of the sentence in order to make the sentence in national form as Thai language and easy to understand.


I had spent most of my 21 years frantically preparing for that day graduation.
ฉันใช้เวลาเกือบ 21 ปี ในการเตรียมตัวในการรับปริญญา ด้วยความตื่นเต้น

In this sentence, the translator moves the word ‘frantically’ to ending of the sentence in order to make the sentence in national form as Thai language and easy to understand.

          3) Modulation: It means that the translators have to be export in interpreting from the words, phrases or sentences in the source language and translate them into another language. The translators have to adapt the word to make it clear and easy to understand. This method is the most technique that would be used for in translation process because they have to refine the target language until it is pleased for the reader, as presented in the following sentences:

Since I assumed that we were some of the most intelligent and promising men of my generation, it seemed to me that Sopher was filling.
ด้วยเหตุที่ผมสันนิษฐานว่าเราเป็นคนเฉลียวฉลาด และมีอนาคตที่สดใส จำนวนหนึ่ง ในรุ่นผม  ดังนั้นสำหรับผมแล้ว  โซเฟียร์ กำลังล้มเหลวในการดำเนินการตามหน้าที่
The translator translated the ‘was filling’ adding the massage from story into sentence.

But a good college, like a thinking man, sometimes goes preoccupied.
แต่ทว่าวิทยาลัยที่ดี เปรียบเสมือนคนที่มีความคิด เพราะฉะนั้นบางครั้งมักจะคิดหมกมุ่นเกินไป
The translator adds the word เพราะฉะนั้น to compete to sentence and show the cause and effect in the sentence.

Dr.Franz Eppert who served as acting departmental chairperson of German and Russian and culture and language, and was instrumental in formation of the Graduate Academic Unit in German, talked about translator’s competencies in his speech as shown below:
“…..And I haven’t really started yet to welcome some extremely good friend –there is one big family we always like to have around as –the translation –equivalence – family –father dynamic equivalence and all their sibling the temperamental expressive, the beautiful stylistic equivalence, the somewhat shy and timid denotative equivalence. What a nice family –they all look a little bit different but they come from a good stock. Don’t you agree?
And I am also happy to welcome what a surprise to see you sitting beside each other – holding even hands and smiling at each other – finally you found each other – the principle of translatability is finally engaged to the principle of untranslability. I promise you – your marriage will never be boring – quite the opposite.
And look over these those three solid follows - the three translation’s competencies – a strong and sold valuable group. Welcome to you –without you –we wouldn’t be complete as a task force on translation. And on this side there we see yet another group of there, they are a bit uneasy with their company –they rather want to be alone, to appear single but they cannot avoid to meet each other constantly –you know them well –welcome and goodbye to you three sisters called: substitution –translation –modulation –you better come to live together –we love all three of you and do not want to be without you –more –we cannot be without you.
And now I address and welcome and say goodbye to all you translation units –you are so many that I cannot I cannot call you by name.
Really I can’t name of you – of course a special welcome and a special goodbye should be extended to our dear friends: back translation –multiple translatability – fully automatic high quality translation – computer assisted translation – human translation –a translation –a natural translation and many more – to name you all would last too long for a short address……’’

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